notes:
Kazantip is located at the tops of the land, which the middle part of the Kerch Peninsula juts out into the Sea of Azov. This projection divides Arabat and Kazantip bays.
Kazantip - Peninsula Uplands, which has in terms of an ellipse, the long axis of which extends from south-west to north-east at 4.5 km, and short - with the south-east to north-west at 2.5 km. The skeleton of the Cape formed anticlinal uplift, framed by ancient Bryozoa reef. Marine animals, bryozoans, Membranipora Lapidoza, forming colonies, settled in the underwater slopes of this ancient island. In a subsequent weathering and erosion have formed in the center of the island (anticline) decrease - the hollow, and the peninsula Kazantip found resemblance to a circular reef, atoll, resembling a typical coral atolls.
This basin is located on the site of the core folds formed by clays with thin layers of limestone, limestone and clay-limestone - marl. In its central part is hollow, which gave rise to the name, means in the Turkic languages "pot on the hill" (cauldron - boiler body - free standing mountain, peak, hill), or "bottom of the boiler (Tup - bottom). Valley surrounded by elliptical in plan and asymmetrical in cross-section ridge whose height reaches 106 meters above sea level. Sea Mount Kazantip. At several places ridge saddles reduced to absolute marks of 30-50 m, and in the north-western part of the cut through the canyon. This canyon basin called the Sea of Azov - its gently sloping bottom is at a height of 15-35 m.
Kazantip is connected to the Kerch Peninsula low (1-3 m) in terms of a trapezoidal jumper - Pereima stretched from north to south by 2 km. She connects it with neighboring Aktashskoe (Belokamenskoy) Hills. Pereima limited intermingling, separating from the sea shallow Aktashskoe salt lake area of 25 square meters. km. On the eastern side of the lake adjacent Ostaninskoe (Oysulskoe) swamp. Here ends the longest river on the Kerch Peninsula. Samarli.
Kazantip Beach finely dissected. He performs in the waters, rocky headlands and juts out into the land in small coves. On the east bank of the allocated hours Tashik-Burun, north-east - Kazantip, on the west - am dugout, on the south-west - mm. The long and Zhelyaevsky (quarantine). The latter is frontier.
The biggest bay - wide - located in the northern part of the peninsula. Rather ravine, cut an elliptical ridge is Senkin bay, while Pereima linking Kazantip with the mainland, Arabat Bay juts into the bay shore capes, and Kazantip bay - the bay Tatar. Over the Tatar bay was discovered a large ancient settlement and an underground passage leading to the beach. The settlement is dated to the II. BC Archaeologist J. T. Kruglikova identifies it with the strongholds of Heraclitus referred to by Strabo and Ptolemy. Not far away, closer to the capes, in VII-IX centuries housed yurtoobraznye built a small Khazar settlement. Preserved remains of stone walls and ancient manor.
Territory Kazantip is a member of the Leninsky district of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. At the southern edge of the peninsula are with. Capes and Shchelkino related highway (20 km) from the district center - the village Lenine ..
Kazantip Nature of interest from all perspectives - geographical, botanical, zoological. On the coast - a wonderful combination of toe and coves (long capes, Eagle, White-stone, rock camel, the driver, the bay of warmth, affection, Wide). On the rocks there are thickets of hawthorn, dog rose, blackthorn, elder, blackberry, jasmine bush, privet common. Preserved areas of virgin steppe (grasses Lessing, trichomanes), plant communities with ephedra, sweet clover, thyme, wheatgrass. In the animal world, especially the many water birds: herring gull, black-headed gull, great cormorants and crested and other rich underwater world of the adjoining areas. Among the inhabitants of many red-listed species.
Kazantip its southern part is connected by an isthmus low width of about 2 km. Somewhat south of the isthmus is another, about the same in appearance, the hill on which lies the town of Shelkino. Adjacent to the Cape peninsula vulgar, and very nature is designed for water sports. The sandy beaches on the western and eastern sides of the cape you can use the wind in any direction optimally. Kazantip is ideal for water sports, windsurfing, kitesurfing, (windsurfing, funboarding, kite). At Kazantip, thanks to the gentle shore, coastal waters warmed in the first ten days of May, which allows you to start the swimming season at 25-30 days earlier than in the Black Sea. It should be noted that the number of sunny days per year - 285, which is 10 days longer than in the resorts of the South Coast. The climate of the Azov coast of Crimea dry. Number of precipitation is increasing from west to east from 300 mm to 400 mm per year (in most dry years - 200 mm, in the most humid - up to 600 mm), while in the warm season falls just over half the annual amount of precipitation. Natural conditions in the area of Kazantip close to ideal - the average annual temperature of +11 ° C, the coldest months - January and February (average temperature of minus 1,1 °), the warmest - July and August (average temperature is +23,9 ° C). The absolute minimum temperature reached minus 26 ° C, absolute maximum +37 ° C. Frost-free period lasts an average of 222 days, the hot period with an average daily temperature is +20 ° C and above - with the first half of June and first half of September.
Regulation of the Azov coast in the south temperate zone defines a significant amount of solar energy. Duration of sunshine here is great and is 2300-2350 hours per year. The average water temperature in the Azov Sea coast Kazantip is +12 ° C. In June-September average monthly water temperature exceeds +20 ° C in July and August of Azov water warms up to +30 ° C. Average salinity of the Azov Sea is 1,2% (against 1,8% in the Black Sea and 3,5% in the oceans). According to forecasts, the salinity of Azov could reach 1.56%, water flow regulation due osolonyaetsya flowing rivers - mostly Don - and proceeds salty water of the Black Sea through the Kerch Strait. Strong winds (with speeds of more than 15 m / sec and more) observed an average of 27 days per year, the largest number of storms observed from October to June, most recently in March. Between July and September storms are rare, most quiet month - August, while in the second half of August, begin to blow very strong wind.
Az disappeared during the last (Valdai) glaciation (several tens of thousands of years ago), while the bottom of the Azov Sea has become a swampy lowland, cut in beds of the Don and its tributaries, the river Salgyr, Dairy, Samarli etc. At that time, Don was characterized by a hollow Kerch Strait, the delta of the Don went far south into the Black Sea. Due to the rapid melting of the continental glacier in Europe the level of Azov increased, reached a maximum 4-5 thousand years ago and was then at 1-2 meters higher than at present. Since then, the level is not lowered by more than 10 m and not risen by more than 1 m.
